In 2009, 23 of the world forests were in 10 top countries. Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation. In 1990, 63,100 hectares were lost to deforestation and in 2014 this figure dropped to 34,200. Tchir and edward johnson department of biological sciences, university of calgary, calgary, canada t2n 1n4 lawrence nkemdirim department of geography, university of calgary, calgary, canada t2n 1n4 keywords. Thomas crowther, a yale university researcher who lead the study, and his co. Forests cover about 30% of the planet, but deforestation is clearing these essential habitats on a massive scale. Defries and her colleagues analyzed remotesensing images of forest cover across 41 nations in latin america, africa and asia from 20002005, and combined these with population and economic trends. Not only indigenous people, but many more other people as well experience harm as a result of tropical. Pdf deforestation and reforestation of latin america and the.
United states of americas forests contain 19,308 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Deforestation in south america by jasmine morrell on prezi. The annual deforestation rate in canada in 2010 was less than 0. In latin america, the fastgrowing markets for soybeans and beef are. Despite localregional causes, its consequences are global. Sep 05, 20 rates of deforestation in ssa have remained much lower than either in latin america or southeast asia, around 0. Deforestation and forest degradation represent a significant fraction of the annual worldwide humaninduced emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the main source of biodiversity losses and the destruction of millions of peoples homes. Deforestation of the amazon rainforest continued to accelerate in the early 2000s, reaching an annual rate of 27,423 km. Trends in natural forest cover deforestation, 19902010. Discover book depositorys huge selection of deforestation books online. Global deforestation how will deforestation affect us. Sep 27, 2002 the leading scholars and specialists in this volume, from both latin america and the united states, present a uniquely interdisciplinary study of the historical, economic, and political causes accounting for the pace and pattern of the area s deforestation. Tropical deforestation in asia is driven primarily by the fastgrowing demand. Reserved forest land reserved forest land has doubled since 1953 and now stands at 7 percent of all forest land in the united states.
Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world. The issue of deforestation in the brazilian amazon illustrates that individuals and. Commercial agriculture accounted for almost 70 percent. The issue of deforestation in the brazilian amazon can be seen to be more than just a debate between developmentalists and conservationists or a debate between the advocates of unregulated freemarket decisionmaking and advocates of governmental regulation. This article presents a metaanalysis of what drives deforestation and what stops it, based on a. Sofo notes that commercial agriculture generated almost 70% of deforestation in latin america between 2000 2010, but only one third in africa, where small. While central america in general has shown a forest recovery from 2000 to 2010, south america is still losing forest.
July 18, 2016, santiago, chile in latin america, commercial agriculture is the main cause of deforestation, according to a new fao report, the state of the worlds forests 2016 sofo sofo notes that commercial agriculture generated almost 70% of deforestation in latin america between 2000 2010, but only one third in africa, where smallscale farming is a more significant factor in. Brazil is trying to reduce deforestation rates 80 percent from the 19962005 average by 2020 and has in fact seen a large drop in deforestation in recent years. American culture seems to be the concept that was formulated by. According to available estimates, forests cover more than one quarter of the worlds total area. Between 1990 and 2010, united states of america lost.
Up to 420 million acres of forest could be lost between 2010 and 2030 in these deforestation fronts if current trends continue. Sheikh specialist in natural resources policy march 24, 2010 congressional research service 75700. The vast majority of land use change occurs in tropical regions, with central and south america having the highest net emissions from land. This book provides a general view about deforestation. However, i think before you jump to answer yes to this question, consider the following. Rates of deforestation in ssa have remained much lower than either in latin america or southeast asia, around 0. The hot spots are located in the amazon, the atlantic forest and gran chaco, borneo, the cerrado, chocodarien, the congo basin, east africa, eastern australia, greater mekong, new guinea, and sumatra. In the first comprehensive book on forest economics. The trend in reforesting areas has been driven by organizations such as the u. Library of congress cataloginginpublication data agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation edited by a. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are.
Big cities and global farming now driving deforestation. The leading scholars and specialists in this volume, from both latin america and the united states, present a uniquely. Incorporated as a notforprofit foundation in 1971, and headquartered in geneva, switzerland, the forum is tied to no political, partisan or national interests. United states of america s forests contain 19,308 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. According to williams, deforestation came into existence probably some halfamillion years ago, when humans began to. The myth of deforestation foundation for economic education. This book is an accessible summary of a technical report.
Deforestation, environment, and sustainable development. Gorte specialist in natural resources policy pervaze a. Learn about historical and modern deforestation and its effects. The two maps above show the damage to borneos rainforest between 1973 left and 19732010. As of 2010, the world had 652 million acres in planted forests, more than. Deforestation areas were derived from the 2010 global remote sensing survey of the food and agricultural organisation forest resource assessment. Present indicators suggest that the future of north america s forests is. Pasture was responsible for the vast majority, or 71. Industrial agriculture, along with subsistence agriculture, is the most significant driver of deforestation in tropical and subtropical countries, accounting for 80% of deforestation from 2000 2010. The causes of deforestation in developing countries.
Annals of the association of american geographers 75, no. Forests in africa are believed to have been cleared 29 times faster than they were being planted in the early 1980s compared to 10. The annual rate of forest loss generally slowed between 2004 and 2012, though rates of deforestation jumped again in 2008, 42 20 43 and 2015. Logging in the united states is a hotly debated topic as groups who either support or oppose logging argue over its benefits and negative effects. This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world, incorporating analyses of its causes, impacts and actions to prevent it. A critical study of the literature about deforestation in the. Deforestation crimes and conflicts in the amazon springerlink. United states of america forest information and data. The nation added 7,687,000 hectares 18,995,000 acres of forested land during that period. The highest deforestation rates in south america were estimated in ecuador 7,10, where specifically the tropical mountain forest tmf has been and is still affected for several reasons, such as.
Mar 24, 2020 deforestation, clearing or thinning of forests by humans to make the land available for other uses. Between 1990 and 2010, united states of america lost an average of 384,350 ha or 0. Deforestation is a major driver of terrestrial habitat loss and habitat fragmentation and contributes to global warming. It primarily takes a green criminological perspective and looks at the harm that is inflicted on many of the amazons inhabitants, including indigenous populations such as uncontacted tribes of huntersgatherers, the oldest human societies. Current forest cover as of 2010, the united states had 304,022,000 hectares 751,255,000 acres of forested lands, a number that represents onethird of the country.
In africa and subtropical asia it accounts for around of deforestation and is of similar importance to subsistence agriculture. Malaria is the most prevalent vectorborne disease in the amazon. In the united states, deforestation has been more than offset by reforestation between 1990 and 2010. Canadas deforestation rate is among the lowest in the world. The ten countries with the largest net loss per year in the period 19902000 ad had a combined net loss of forest area of 7.
A a summary of deforestation during the decades 1990 2010 is given in tables 1 and 2. This is a question where the answer will vary based on who you talk to. According to the united nations food and agriculture organisation fao, the annual rate of deforestation has more than halved since the 1990s. Estimated deforestation, by type of forest and time period. It is located in south america as shown by the image to the right source. The current contribution of agriculture to deforestation varies by region, with industrial agriculture being responsible for 30% of deforestation. Biological and environmental hazards, risks, and disasters provides an integrated look at major impacts to the earths biosphere. Current forest cover as of 2010, the united states had 304,022,000 hectares 751,255,000. In total, between 1990 and 2010, united states of america gained 2. Whereas deforestation was primarily driven by subsistence activities and governmentsponsored development projects like transmigration in countries like indonesia and colonization in latin america, india, java, and so on, during the late 19th century and the earlier half of the 20th century, by the 1990s the majority of deforestation was caused. Deforestation in central america project gutenberg self. United states of america forest information and data the rainforest. While many commodities are driving deforestation today, all of them take a back seat to beef cattle. Central american country in which deforestation of its rain.
In the period 20002010 ad this was reduced to six million hectares per year as a result of reductions in indonesia, sudan, brazil and australia table 1. July 18, 2016, santiago, chile in latin america, commercial agriculture is the main cause of deforestation, according to a new fao report, the state of the worlds forests 2016 sofo. However, these forests are disappearing at a very fast pace. Trends in natural forest cover deforestation, 1990 2010. Deforestation is offset by reforestation through planting projects following timber harvest, natural regeneration or planting projects on reclaimed farmland or urban sites. This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world. According to the fao report state of the worlds forests 2011 sofo, south america and the caribbean reduced their rates of deforestation. Peru, colombia, venezuela, ecuador, bolivia, guyana, suriname and. Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related. Chapter 2 food and agriculture organization of the united nations. A catalogue record for this book is available from the british library, london, uk. This book is an accessible summary of a technical report on land degradation and also discusses the impact of apartheid.
Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. This book is dedicated to global perspectives on sustainable forest. Historically, studies of forest change in lac have focused. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven. The amazon biome is the worlds largest and most famous tropical rainforest, and covers an area of about 5. Topics described in this book address several important biological and. The central issue which it attempts to study is the role of cattle ranchingits dynamic and profitabilityin the expansion of deforestation. If current trends continue, deforestation could double to 48 million hectares between 2010 and 2030, meaning that more than a quarter of the amazon biome would be. May 30, 2014 by 2010, the forest area has fallen to 1514 million ha fig. The us is probably the prime example of forest expansion, as farms moved west in. Between 1980 and 1995, an area larger than mexico had been deforested. United states has higher percentage of forest loss than brazil. State of the worlds forests 2016 shows that some countries have been able to reconcile the aspirations of the different sectors, increasing the agricultural productivity and food security of their populations while also halting and even reversing. The forest area remained fairly stable in north and central america while.
Brazilian amazon as reflected in relatively recent 20002010 publications. Fao fra 2001 and 2010 reports indicate considerable deforestation in the. Causes of deforestation of the brazilian amazon isbn. Anna lowenhaupt tsing, in her book friction, discusses deforestation in indonesia and the. This reserved forest area includes state and federal parks. Chaco deforestation by christian sect puts paraguayan land under threat.
The national determinants of deforestation in subsaharan africa. The study reveals that, apart from the rapid deforestation that characterizes the brazilian amazon, the pressures generated by economic exploitation in andean countries are concentrated on the headwaters of several major watersheds, posing a major risk to the quality and. World population and cumulative deforestation, 1800 to 2010. This accelerated destruction of forests poses a serious threat to the environmental and. The bad news is that scientists are not really sure how accurate this figure is. Logging has major effects on stream ecosystems, altering water chemistry and habitat availability reis, 20. The green criminological perspective also implies that the. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. In his book the history of deforestation, the author michael williams says that it is a common misconception that deforestation is a recent occurrence, gaining momentum in the tropical regions of the world since about 1950. Whether or not this is true in your home, beef is definitely the main course on the global deforestation menu.
Pdf deforestation crimes and conflicts in the amazon. Land use patterns and related carbon losses following. One such factor is the effect, whether positive or negative, that the logging industry has on forests in the country. Population demographics infrastructure health references books. Global deforestation provides a concise but comprehensive examination of the variety of ways in which deforestation modifies environmental processes, as well as the societal implications of these changes. A critical study of the literature about deforestation in the brazilian. Deforestation in the united states is an ongoing process in the united states. Deforestation and malaria in mancio lima county, brazil.
Mining, infrastructure and urban expansion are important but less prominent. List of books and articles about deforestation online. Deforestation, clearing or thinning of forests by humans to make the land available for other uses. What are the biggest drivers of tropical deforestation. Like deforestation in the rest of the world, it is a complex environmental issue caused by both social and economic pressures prior to the arrival of europeanamericans, about one half of the united states land area was forest, about 1,023,000,000 acres 4,140,000 km 2 estimated in 1630. The world economic forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. This study quantifies proximate drivers of deforestation and related carbon losses in south america based on remote sensing time series in a systematic, spatially explicit manner. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. In a global context, annual deforestation rates are relatively low in central africa, compared to other rainforests in southeast asia and south america. Deforestation and land use in the amazon is an authoritative analysis of the socioeconomic and biophysical factors operating at local, national, and global levels that serve to promote deforestation in this delicate region. The national determinants of deforestation in subsaharan. Deforestation crimes and conflicts in the amazon peace palace. Latin america 5 a general equilibrium analysis of technology, migration and deforestation in the brazilian amazon 69 andreacattaneo 6 will intensifying pasture management in latin america protect forests or is it the other way round.
Deforestation success stories union of concerned scientists. Commercial logging is an important direct driver in asia and latin america while. Chaco deforestation by christian sect puts paraguayan land. About sixty percent of these forests are situated in tropical countries. Biological and environmental hazards, risks, and disasters. Tchir, edward johnson and lawrence nkemdirim encyclopedia of life support systems eolss forest products. Great swaths of the virgin thorn forest once dubbed latin america. Previous estimates, collected by satellite imaging, suggested that just over 400 billion trees live around the world. The book stresses how forest ecosystems may be prone to nearly irreversible degradation. Only half of this area is compensated by new forests or forest.
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